KHẢO SÁT KẾT QUẢ XÉT NGHIỆM SÀNG LỌC HEMOGLOBIN VÀ HBsAg TRƯỚC HIẾN MÁU TẠI VIỆN HUYẾT HỌC – TRUYỀN MÁU TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the delay rate of blood donors due to substandard predonation tests at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from 2017 to 2022.

Subjects and methods: Including 1,087,520 blood donors tested for hemoglobin screening and 545,374 first time blood donors rapidly tested for HBsAg. Cross-sectional description, prospective study. Investigate the delay rate of blood donors before blood donation with hemoglobin (Hb) screening test to determine the proportion of blood donors with low Hb (Hb < 120 g/l) by copper sulfate method, HBsAg screening test for first time blood donors with Abon's rapid kit to determine the proportion of HBsAg (+) and survey the delay rate in blood donation of blood donors having HBsAg (+) screening test results.

Results: Of 1,087,520 blood donors who were screened for Hb, 47,204 was delayed due to low Hb, accounting for 4.34%. Conducting HBsAg rapid test for 545,374 first time blood donors, there were 31,569 positive cases, accounting for 5.79%. Men with the delay rate due to low Hb accounted for 0.28%, due to positive HBsAg rapid test accounted for 6.65%, women with the delay rate due to low Hb accounted for 9.09%, due to positive HBsAg rapid test accounted for 4.82%. According to blood donation age, 18- 25 years old, 26-40 years old and 41-60 years old: the delay rate due to positive HBsAg rapid test was respectively 5.17%; 6.55% and 6.28%, for men, the delay rate due to low Hb by age was respectively 0.26%; 0.28% and 0.33%, for women, the delay rate due to low Hb by age was respectively 10.02%; 8.83% and 7.66%. According to blood donation frequency, including first time blood donors (group 1), blood donors for 2-5 times (group 2), blood donors for 6-10 times (group 3), blood donors more than 10 times (group 4): for men, the delay rate due to low Hb was respectively 0.24%; 0.26%; 0.35% and 1.24%, for women, the delay rate to low Hb was respectively 6.47%; 10.38%, 16.8% and 21.77%.

Conclusion: From December 2016 to November 2022, NIHBT had 1,087,520 blood donors, in which the delay rate due to low Hb accounted for 4.34%. Female blood donors with the delay rate due to low Hb accounted for 9.09%, higher than that of men, accounting for 0.28%. Men aged 41-60 with the delay rate due to low Hb accounted for 0.33%, higher than that of the age group 18-25 and 26-40, with the blood donation frequency, the delay rate due to low Hb was likely to increase based on the blood donation frequency, the group donating more than 10 times had the highest rate, accounting for 1.24%. For women by age, the delay rate due to low Hb was likely to decrease as the age of blood donors increased, the group aged 41-60 had the lowest delay rate of 7.66%, according to blood donation frequency, the delay rate due to Hb increased with the number of times of blood donation, in the group donating blood over 10 times, the delay rate was 21.77%. The HBsAg rapid test with 545,374 donors was conducted with a positive HBsAg rate of 5.79%, men with positive HBsAg rate of 6.65%, higher than that of women with 4.82%. Blood donors aged 26-40 had a positive HBsAg rate of 6.55%, higher than those aged 41-60 with 6.28% and those aged 18-25 with 5.17%.