NGHIÊN CỨU TỶ LỆ NHIỄM VÀ PHÂN BỐ GENOTYPE HPV NGUY CƠ CAO TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN KHÁM VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN UNG BƯỚU NGHỆ AN

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using real-time PCR and to describe the distribution of high-risk HPV genotypes according to cervical cytology, histopathology, and clinical diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with convenience sampling was conducted on 157 patients. High-risk HPV infection was detected using real-time PCR. Clinical, cytological, and histopathological data were collected from medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 26.1% (41/157). Among HPV-positive cases, single-type infection predominated (90.2%), whereas multiple-type infection accounted for 9.8%. HPV52 was the most prevalent genotype (39.0%), followed by HPV18 (12.2%) and HPV16 (9.8%). Cervicitis was the most common clinical diagnosis (54.8%). Among HPV-positive patients, cytological findings included normal cytology (29.3%), mild inflammation (14.6%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (9.8%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (9.8%), and carcinoma (4.9%). HPV52 was detected across most lesion categories, whereas HPV18 was observed in carcinoma cases. Conclusion: High-risk HPV infection accounted for a considerable proportion of patients, with HPV52 being the predominant genotype. Real-time PCR is a valuable tool for the detection of high-risk HPV and provides clinically relevant information for cervical cancer screening and monitoring of cervical lesions.