ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ, LÂM SÀNG VÀ CĂN NGUYÊN VI RÚT GÂY BỆNH TAY CHÂN MIỆNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA NINH THUẬN NĂM 2025

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and to determine the viral etiological spectrum of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among hospitalized children at Ninh Thuan General Hospital in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all children aged ≤15 years who were hospitalized with HFMD according to the 2024 Ministry of Health guidelines and had positive PCR results for enterovirus between March and October 2025. Results: A total of 38 patients were included. Male patients accounted for 60.5%, and children aged 6–23 months comprised 71.1%. Most patients resided in rural areas (63.9%), and a high proportion were classified as malnourished (78.9%). Within 14 days prior to disease onset, 73.7% had visited crowded playgrounds, and 36.8% had a history of contact with HFMD cases. The most common clinical manifestations on admission were oral ulcers/oral pain (89.5%), hand rashes (84.2%), irritability (78.9%), and foot rashes (68.4%). EV-A71 was detected in 63.2% of cases, followed by CV-A6 (50.0%), CV-A16 (10.5%), and CV-A10 (7.9%). Viral co-infection was identified in 34.2% of patients, most frequently EV-A71 in combination with CV-A6. Conclusions: In 2025, HFMD at Ninh Thuan General Hospital predominantly affected young children, particularly those under two years of age, with a high prevalence of rural residence and malnutrition. EV-A71 and CV-A6 were the predominant circulating strains, with a substantial rate of viral co-infection, indicating the concurrent circulation of multiple enteroviruses in the local setting. These findings provide practical evidence for epidemiological and virological surveillance of HFMD at the provincial hospital level.