NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỀ XUẤT ỨNG DỤNG KẾT HỢP 3 THANG ĐO PSQI, ESS VÀ RBD-SQ TRONG ĐÁNH GIÁ RỐI LOẠN GIẤC NGỦ CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH PARKINSON

Abstract

Background: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBD-SQ) have been widely used to assess sleep disorders in various populations. However, the combined value of these three scales in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD – Parkinson Disease) has not been comprehensively investigated. Objective: To compare sleep characteristics between patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls, and to propose a combination of gender-specific sleep disorder features. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 161 participants (66 patients, 95 health controls), aged 50–80 years, with preserved cognitive function (MoCA ≥ 26), in Hanoi, Ninh Binh, and Ho Chi Minh City from October 2024 to August 2025. Sleep status was assessed using the PSQI, ESS, and RBD-SQ scales. Results:  Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) had a higher risk of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) than health control in both sexes (men: 47.8% vs. 9.4%; women: 37.2% vs. 4.8%). The PD group also showed higher rates of sleep disturbances than health controls on the PSQI and ESS; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, detailed analyses of these two scales revealed sex-specific patterns: male patients with PD exhibited sleep disturbances associated with coughing/loud snoring, awakening during the night or early morning, and excessive daytime sleepiness while sitting and reading, whereas female patients with PD showed sleep disturbances related to sensory symptoms (heat, pain), reduced interest, and excessive daytime sleepiness while watching television. Conclusion: The RBD-SQ is an appropriate tool for assessing sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Selected items from the PSQI and ESS should be combined to identify gender-specific sleep disturbances.