KẾT QUẢ TEST LẨY DA VỚI DỊ NGUYÊN MẠT NHÀ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH DỊ ỨNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN E

Abstract

House dust mite allergy plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis and is associated with both the prevalence and severity of allergic disorders, particularly allergic inflammatory diseases of the airways. At E Hospital, no previous surveys have assessed sensitization to house dust mite allergens in allergic diseases. This study investigated the results of skin prick tests using the house dust mite allergens Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f) in 609 patients diagnosed with allergic diseases who were examined and treated at the Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Dermatology, E Hospital, in 2024. The prevalence of positive skin prick test responses to D.p and D.f was 31.69% and 31.86%, respectively; among the study population, 37.27% were sensitized to at least one species of house dust mite. The highest rates of positive skin prick tests were observed in patients with allergic rhinitis (85.71%) and bronchial asthma (67.86%). The study demonstrated a statistically significant association between house dust mite sensitization and respiratory allergic diseases (bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis), as well as younger age (p < 0.001). In addition, males had a higher risk of sensitization to D.f than females (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.12–2.26), whereas no significant sex-related difference was found for D.p. Therefore, sensitization to house dust mite allergens is highly prevalent and significantly associated with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Younger age and male sex (for D.f) were identified as risk factors for this sensitization.